Understanding the Theoretical Force of a Cylinder
Pascal’s Law is the foundational relationship between force, pressure, and area when working with a confined fluid. In order for a cylinder to move a load or …
Understanding Non-Compressible Fluids
Compressibility is the measure of the change in volume of a fluid due to increased pressure. Atmospheric air and the gases that make up the air are highly …
Verifying the Correct Component Operation
In order to determine whether or not a component is functioning correctly, the troubleshooter must understand the behavior characteristics of each component. …
Determining the Solution To Control Air Cylinder Speed
Because air is a compressible fluid, controlling the speed of actuators is a unique problem. A pressurized air cylinder that is not under load will extend …
Replacing Seals on Valves
Three-way and four-way mobile hydraulic multi-spool directional control valves are available as one-piece units, consisting of a single casting with multiple …
Inspecting Flareless Fitting Assemblies
Assembly instructions Use a tube cutter on the tubing to cut to length and ensure a clean, straight cut. Prepare the end of the tube with a deburring tool to …
Understanding the Function of Valves
Unloading valves (Fig. 1.45): When fixed displacement pumps are used in accumulator or high-low circuits, unloading valves are used to minimize the power …
Understanding Break-Away, Running, & Starting Torque
A motor has a certain amount of mass that must be accelerated to the speed required to do the work. The object being moved also has some mass. The force to …
Sizing an Air Motor
Although electric motors are very commonly found in many varied applications, and hydraulic motors are well known for their high power density, air motors fill …
Calculating Intensifier Ratio for Given Pressure and Flow
Intensifiers boost pressure by pumping hydraulic fluid with a larger bore piston into a smaller bore cylinder to extend the rod. The intensifier can be powered …
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